Preterm births on the rise in Kerala: 289% increase over seven years

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: Preterm births are witnessing a steep rise in Kerala. From 6,916 cases in 2017–18, the number soared to 26,968 in 2023–24, marking a 289% increase over seven years. Experts attribute this alarming trend to lifestyle changes, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The data comes from the Health Information Cell of the state’s Health Department. However, experts note that the availability of advanced healthcare systems has made it possible to save the lives of both mothers and babies in most cases - a significant achievement. Yet, the rising number of cases poses a serious challenge for the future, as preterm babies are at higher risk for developmental disabilities.

In 2023–24, 18,545 of these births occurred in private hospitals, while 8,423 took place in government hospitals. Malappuram recorded the highest number of cases (4,280), followed by Kozhikode (4,161). Wayanad had the lowest number at 428.

Preterm birth statistics over the years:
2017–18: 6,916
2018–19: 13,077
2019–20: 13,206
2020–21: 14,890
2021–22: 19,556
2022–23: 22,222
2023–24: 26,968

Causes of preterm births
Preterm births are those that occur before 37 weeks of pregnancy. These can lead to health complications for both mother and child. Contributing factors include uterine infections, health conditions of the mother, teenage pregnancies, short gaps between multiple pregnancies, mental stress and nutritional deficiencies.

Tips to prevent preterm births

• Maintain a healthy weight before conception
• Follow a nutritious diet during pregnancy
• Manage stress and engage in activities that promote mental well-being
• Follow medical advice and adopt a healthy lifestyle
• Ensure both partners are aware of prenatal health needs, focusing on reducing the mother’s mental stress

"It's crucial for both husband and wife to have a clear understanding of maternal health during pregnancy. Reducing stress for the mother is key."
— Dr. Jeeja Beegam, Gynaecologist & Infertility Specialist, SP Well Fort Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram